Wk#05 (2/14-2/18)

Chinese 307 |   三年中文: 從電影看中國文化的承傳與創新
 Through the Cinematic Lens: Old and New China in Film
週時間表 

Topic #2 歷史時代悲劇/小說改編
課程題目與目標 Lesson Topic & Goals:
1.  透过电影的故事来学习中国现代史上重要的事件和战争;
2. 通过小说人物的悲剧来看中国历史的悲剧性。

討論電影: 霸王別姬Farewell My Concubine (China/HK, 1993)  Screening Notes

HW to be completed before Monday’s class on 2/14:

1. 阅读翻译- translate the following summary of the opera story into English and post under Week#05 Comments
霸王别姬的故事是说楚汉相争时,西楚霸王项羽和刘邦为了争夺帝位,进行了长达十几年的战争。最后项羽在乌江兵败,自知大势已去,在突围前夕,不得不和他最心爱的虞姬决别,最后自刎身亡。
(View avideo clip of this traditional Beijing opera : http://boxview.net/video/LfIIxfLcN_c/京劇【霸王別姬】袁世海杜近芳(四))
2.阅读练习 – read the following desctiption of a Beijing opera school at the turn of the 20th century for comprehension (no need to post English translation): “富连成”是一个按传统规程和习惯来培养京剧艺人的旧式科班,始创于清末民初,结束于二十世纪四十年代。学艺的学员出身梨园世家或来自苦寒人家。他们在严格管理和严酷到残酷的训练下,学习京剧。在几十年时间里,“富连成”科班以管吃管住、又打又骂、边学边演的独特方式,为中国京剧艺术培植了七百多名有很高表演技艺的演员;日后他们成为中国京剧的骨干力量乃至举世闻名的艺术家。
3. View Beijing Opera legend:Mei Lanfang: “The Drunken Beauty” Choreography Plates (1930)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQWsDeOB23Q

Monday 2/14:_____________________________________________________
1. 阅读翻译 (check studednt postings)
2. 检讨功课: 阅读练习

Screening Film: 2:30 -5:30 p.m. Screening Notes

HW to be completed befofre Wednesday’s class on 2/16:
1. Complete the Farewell My Concubine Screening Notes:用中文说明电影的人物
2. Post your English translation of the essay in Chinese on “富连成”(see above) – provide a readable transaltion that captures the key points of the paragraph
3. Finish a.-d. in backgrounf reading (see below) – take notes

Wednesday 2/16:_____________________________________________________
1. Collect Screening Notes; go over “富连成”English translation
2. 讨论电影内容
3. 分组讨论: 中国现代史上的重要时段和战争(请列出六个)
“Farewell My Concubine is neatly divided into eight chapters, including a 1977 prologue and epilogue that bookend the story. Each section represents a different era in Chinese history and the lives of the characters. The historical background from the time of the Warlords through the Cultural Revolution, including the Japanese invasion of 1937 and the Communist takeover, is integral to the plot.” (see Reelviews Review)

(Please post your response as a group; complete before Friday’s class. List at least 6 major histoircal events, use Chinese for dates and title of the event. List a short description of the event in English. List your sources.)

HW to be completed befofre Friday’s class on 2/18:
1. Complete assigned group posting on key historical events.

(due Monday 2/21) Check your Topic #1 essay corrections; check under Week #4 Comments. Correections will be posted on Thursday; go over the corrections, and submit a final revision under a New Page Topic#1 Essay-To be added ).

Friday 2/18:_____________________________________________________
1. 讨论中国现代史上的重要时段和战争 – Review group postings
2. 讨论 – use background reading & research
背景閱讀資料 Background Reading for Topic #2:
a. The art of Beijing opera: roles.
b. Farewell My Concubine (1993) New York Times Review/Film Festival; Action, History, Politics And Love Above All.
c. The Eradication of High Culture by Nick Robinson.
d. Reelviews Review.

HW to be completed befofre Monday’s class on 2/21:
1. Revise your Topic #1 essay (submit final revision with a vocabulary list under the new blog page>Topic#1 Essay;
2. Please go over the six historical events highlighted in blue under the Comments below posted by classmates; prepare a vocabulary list (post online under this week’s comments); practice expalining these major events in 20th century history. This is a speaking practice; post key words in Chinese with Pinyin and English. We will compare notes and practice in class on Monday.

 

相關連接 Related Links:
a. UCSD Chinese Cinema Web-based Learning Center
b. 中文電影資料庫 Chinese Movie Database
c. Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, Media at OSU 

類似主題有關兩代文化的電影 Other films (in the UPS Library) about family & generational and cultural conflicts:
a. 家Family (China, 1956)
b. 紅高粱Red Sorghum (China, 1987)
c. 悲情城市City of Sadness (Taiwan, 1989)
d. 藍風箏Blue Kite (China, 1993)
e. 活著To Live (China, 1994)

Topic #2 (Weeks# 5-8) 23% of total class grade, roughly based on the following:
1. attendance and participation 20%
2. preparation 15%
3. in-class and after-class assignments 35%
4. project & presentation 30%

29 thoughts on “Wk#05 (2/14-2/18)

  1. 霸王别姬的故事是说楚汉相争时,西楚霸王项羽和刘邦为了争夺帝位,进行了长达十几年的战争。最后项羽在乌江兵败,自知大势已去,在突围前夕,不得不和他最心爱的虞姬决别,最后自刎身亡。

    Translation:
    Farewell My Concubine’s story is about the aggression between the Chu and Han dynasties, and their fight for the throne over the course of ten years. Finally, Xiangyu was defeated, he knew he was in a hopeless situation and that his power was gone. He said goodbye to his wife and then committed suicide.

  2. “Farewell my Concubine” is about the Chu-Han contention, which is a ten plus year warfare for the Emperor title between the Hegemon-King of Western Chu, Xiang Yu, and the King of Han, Liu Bang. In the end, Xiang Yu was defeated at the Wu River. Knowing that he has lost his power, Yu didn’t have a choice but to bid farewells to his beloved wife the day before Liu would send troops to capture him. Yu then committed suicide by slitting his throat.

  3. Farewell my Concubine’s story is about a conflict during the Warring States Period between the Western Chu’s warlord Xiangyu, and Liu Bang who were fighting over the title of emperor. The conflict ended up extending over ten years, and Xiang Yu was finally defeated at Wu Jiang. On the eve of the siege when knew he was powerless and had no other options he called his most beloved concubine and they committed suicide

  4. The story of “Farewell My Concubine” is set during a time of suffering Chinese who are fighting. The King of the Western Chu, Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu fought a war for more than 10 years in order to become emperor. Finally, in Wujiang where Xiang Yu’s army was defeated, he knew how hopeless the situation was. On the evening before the enemy would breakthrough his defenses, he cannot separate from his beloved concubine. In the end, she cuts her throat and dies. Sun Laoshi noted: Xiang yu actually commited suicide.

    1. 楚 chu3 clear; pang; suffering
    2. 相争 xiang1zheng1 to fight over; to compete
    3. 西楚霸王 xi1chu3ba4wang2 Concubine / King of Western Chu
    4. 争夺 zheng1duo2 to fight for
    5. 进行 jin4xing2 carry… out, in progress
    6. 自知 zi4zhi1 knew, knowing
    7. 大势已去 da4shi4yi3qu4 hopeless situation
    8. 突围 tu1wei2 break out of an encirclement
    9. 前夕 qian2xi1 the eve before
    10. 不得不 bu4de2bu4 cannot but
    11. 虞姬 yu2ji1 concubine Yu
    12. 自刎 zi4wen3 cut one’s throat
    13. 身亡 shen1wang2 die

  5. The story of “Farewell My Concubine” takes place during a war between the Chu and Han kingdoms. The western Chu king Xiang Yu and the Han leader Liu Bang have been fighting a war over the title of emperor for over ten years. Eventually, Xiang Yu was defeated in battle at the Yu river. He knew his power was no more, so the night before his forces were to be broken, he had no choice but to part ways with Yu, his favorite concubine. After that, he slits his own throat.

  6. Farewell My Concubine’s story is about the competition between Chu and Han, the King of Western Chu and Liu Bang, competing for the title of Emperor for as long as ten years of war. Finally, Xiang Yu knew it was a hopeless situation when he was defeated by the Wu River. So at the eve of break, he went to his favorite concubine, and committed suicide.

  7. 霸王別姬的故事是說楚漢相爭時,西楚霸王項羽和劉邦為了爭奪帝位,進行了長達十幾年的戰爭。最後項羽在烏江兵敗,自知大勢已去,在突圍前夕,不得不和他最心愛的虞姬決別,最後自刎身亡。

    Farewell My Concubine is about the Chu-Han Contention, the Western Chu lord Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang, who fought for the title of Emperor in a war that lasted over ten years. Xiang Yu was finally defeated at the Wu River. Knowing the hopelessness of the situation, on the day before the battle, he had no choice but to order his beloved concubine Yu to depart. Finally, he committed suicide.

  8. The story of Farewell My Concubine is about the competition between Chu and Han, King of Western Chu Yu and Liu Bang, competing for the throne for ten years of war. In the end, Xiang Yu is defeated in the Wujiang River, knowing the situation was hopeless, the eve of the breakthrough, had to do something with his favorite concubine, finally committing suicide.

  9. 霸王别姬的故事是说楚汉相争时,西楚霸王项羽和刘邦为了争夺帝位,进行了长达十几年的战争。最后项羽在乌江兵败,自知大势已去,在突围前夕,不得不和他最心爱的虞姬决别,最后自刎身亡。

    the story of farewell my concubine is about the competition between Chu and Han, the King of Western Chu Yu and Liu Bang compete for the throne, for ten years of war. Finally, in the Wujiang River Xiang Yu was defeated, he knew the situation was hopeless, he and his favorite concubine commit suicide.

  10. “Fu Lian Cheng” is a course that follows traditional Chinese rules and practices to train Beijing opera actors. This course was created towards the end of the Qing dynasty and concluded in the 1940’s. The students learning Beijing opera are either from a family that have been involved in the opera for generations or from poor families. They train under strict, harsh and cruel conditions. Over the course of many decades, “Fu Lian Cheng” students live and eat at the school. Also, students are trained using a unique technique, which involves yelling, scolding, and performing while learning. “Fu Lian Cheng” cultivated seven hundred plus skillful actors for China’s Beijing opera industry. After graduating from “Fu Lian Cheng”, students often become the backbone of China’s Beijing opera and sometimes even world-renowned artists.

  11. “Fu Lian Cheng” old type of professional training school for Beijing opera, that uses traditional rules and habits to bring up actors. It began at the end of the Qing dynasty, and ended in the 20th century during the 40s. Those who study this art are either born into a family that studies Beijing opera, or they come from a hard, unfortunate life. When studying Beijing opera, they are under strict control and harsh – even cruel – training. In a period of 90 years, “Fu Lian Cheng” professional training school’s students lived and ate there, with beating and scolding. It is a unique method of both studying and performing. This school trained more than 700 performers who were highly skilled in the art of Chinese Beijing opera. They became Chinese Beijing opera’s powerful backbone, and even artists who are famous around the world.

  12. (change “even as the rich” to “Fu Lian Cheng:) is a traditional rule and a habit of the hard training to cultivate a Peking Opera performer, started during the Qing Dynasty, ended in the 1940s. The art students come from a family with theatrical experience or from a poor family. The would do firm management even with brutal training to teach them the Peking Opera. In a couple of decades “even as the rich” training would grant them food and a bed, being insulted and hit, studying and performing in a distinct way, for the art of the chinese Peking opera more than 700 new highly rated actors. Later they became the backbone of China and even world-famous Peking Opera artists.

  13. Fu Lian Cheng uses traditional customs and habits to train Beijing opera performers in the old style, established at the end of the Qing dynasty and finishing in the 1940’s. Opera students come from both influential opera families as well as bitter, difficult situations. They have a strict administration and bitter, cruel training drills. Over many years at Fu Lian Cheng, students eat and live there, and are beaten and scolded as they learn how to perform their unique style. They train over 700 highly talented performers the art of Beijing opera, and someday they will turn into the backbone of Chinese opera, and even possibly become world famous artists

  14. Fu Lian Cheng is a Beijing Opera troop school that uses traditional and old-style methods and customs. It started at the end of the Qing dynasty and lasted into the 1940s. The students either came from famous family backgrounds or were unwanted children. They were managed strictly and trained cruelly while learning Beijing opera. For a few decades, the academy controlled the students’ food and living arrangements, and used beating and scolding to reinforce their unique method of learning and acting. The academy has trained over 700 of China’s most highly-skilled performers. In the future the students will become the backbone of Beijing opera’s skilled performers and may even go so far as to become international superstars as artists.

  15. “富連成”

    “Fu lian cheng” is a traditional method for training Beijing Opera artists. It was founded in the late Qing Dynasty, and ended in the 1940s. Students came from both aristocratic families and poor families. They trained in strictly supervised, harsh, and cruel conditions, in order to to study Beijing Opera. During these decades of training, “Fuliancheng” trainers gave food and lodging, beatings and scoldings, and a unique life of study and performance, to cultivate the art of Chinese Beijing Opera in over 700 performers. Later, they became the backbone of Beijing Opera and world-famous artists.

  16. Corected by Sun Laoshi on 2/22 – Grade B+
    霸王别姬原著: 李碧华 (小说) 导演: 陈凯歌
    人物:
    程蝶衣:京剧表演者。他(add在现实)生(delete地)活模仿他扮演的人物,楚王的姬。他(?枝use妒忌du4ji4)小楼跟菊仙的风流韵事。与鸦片瘾(not打架use挣扎zheng1zha2)。
    段小楼 :程蝶衣的(not舞伴but师兄和舞台上的搭伴)。他们小的时候,他在学院照顾了蝶衣。
    袁四爷 :蝶衣秘密的情人。
    菊仙 :高级的妓女。在妓院,小楼救她。两个人结婚,生孩子,但孩子死了。
    小豆子娘 :穷的妓女。蝶衣的妈妈。蝶衣小的时候,她把他的手指砍(addl了),(add把小豆子)在京剧学院留下。
    关师傅 :学院的师傅。很严格。打他的学生。蝶衣,小楼变成功(not的use了)以后,关师傅惩罚两个人是因为(add他们变得)(delete当add太)自大。
    小四 :被遗弃的婴儿(delete找)。在学院被学生抚养(add长大)。

  17. 美芳和玉蓮

    民國軍閥(1916 – 1937) Warlord Era
    The period is history of the Republic of China when the country was divided among military cliques. There was a lot of conflict during this time because of the many regional warlords who were fighting for control of the Beijing government. Control over the Beijing government depended on the military control of the regional warlord.

    日本開始侵略中國 (1937) Japan starts to invade China
    This invasion was because of a military conflict between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. Many Chinese civilians were killed in various massacres led by the Japanese. This war was fought intermittently since 1931, but in 1937, the fighting increased by a lot and only ended because Japan surrendered.

    日本投降 (1945)Japan surrenders
    The conflict between Japan and China turned into the second World War as other countries gave their support to either side. The U.S. supported China and contributed to Japan’s surrender by dropping the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The mass number of Japanese civilians who died was absolutely devastating and the Japanese really had no choice but to surrender.

    國民黨統治 (1949) KMT ruling
    The KMT is translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party or Chinese National People’s Party, and is the political part of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It ruled much of China from 1928 until its retreat to Taiwan in 1949 after being defeated by the Communist Party of China during the Chinese Civil War.

    中華人民共和國成立(October, 1949)Founding of People’s Republic of China
    Following the Chinese Civil War and the victory of Mao Zedong’s Communist forces over the KMT forces, Mao declared the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Mao believed that socialism would triumph over all other ideologies.

    文化大革命 (1966 – 1976) Cultural Revolution
    This was a social movement that took place in the People’s Republic of China from 1966-1976. It was designed to purge capitalist thought from the country in order to further advance socialism within the nation. In doing so, it involved major changes being made to the political, economic and social nature of China, and often through violent means.

  18. Emily and Riccardo

    Historical events that happened in “Farewell My Concubine”

    Japanese Occupation in China 1931-45 During WWII, Japan invaded China and took over parts of China. About 35 million died during Japan’s occupation. The _ape of Nanking also happened while Japan invaded China. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and the second phase was in 1937 when Japan did major attacks in Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanking. (from http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=59&catid=2)

    Second Sino-Japanese War日中戰爭- 1937 Japan went to war with China because they wanted their resources and massive land that had raw materials. The war ended with Japan’s surrender because China had help of the Allies. (from Wikipedia and history knowledge)

    Chinese Civil War 國共內戰-1947-49 When the KMT (governing party of the Republic of China) and the Chinese Communist Party fought for control of China. After the dynasties were divided, China was ruled by warlords. The KMT defeated the warlords under the leader of Sun Yatsen, and the KMT party tried to take over China to govern it. (from Wikipedia and knowledge)

    People’s Liberation Party 人民解放軍- 1927 It was by the Communist Party and they ensured the control and status of the Communist’s. The army helped to ensure China’s sovereignty to help national development, help China expand, and maintain peace.

    Cultural Revolution 文化大革命- 1966-76 A social movement that was in the People’s Republic of China that was surged by Mao Zedong to get capitalist thought out of people’s heads. They wanted to expand socialism and bring down class struggle and bring up the working class. Feudal ideals and things were destroyed (opera from the movie). It was a time period of devastating loss of people and killed so many Chinese citizens.

  19. “Fu Lian Cheng” is the traditional rules and customs that train for the Beijing opera actors. It was created near the end of the Qing dynasty and ended in the 1940s. Students came both from families tied to Beijing opera and from poor families. These opera students train in harsh, strict, and cruel conditions. Throughout several years time, “Fu Lian Cheng” students live and eat in the schools that they train in. Also, these students learn in a unique way of being scolded while learning and acting. For the Beijing opera, “Fu Lian Chen” has made seven hundred or more skillful actors in the industry. After graduating from “Fu Lian Cheng,” students who go on become the backbone of Beijing opera or even world famous artists.

  20. 元博,迪文

    文化大革命:1966年5月16日开始。暴力地消除资本主义,阶级斗争,教育的改革。

    文化大革命的结果:1976年10月10日结束。毛泽东死了,四人帮被捕。

    军阀时代:1916年-1928年。地区的军队把国统治分割。

    出处:Wikipedia

  21. 元博,迪文

    Second Sino-Japanese War ( 中國抗日戰爭) 1937-1945
    This was a conflict fought between the Republic of China and Japan, starting in 1937 and ending in 1945. Although the war was not initially part of World War II, Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States’ entrance into the war caused it to be merged into the larger conflict. Smaller attacks between the countries occurred before 1937, with Japan attempting to obtain political, military, and economical control over China. It was escalated into a full-scale conflict in 1937, after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.

    http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/sinojapan.htm
    http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364275/Marco-Polo-Bridge-Incident

    Japanese Defeat (日本戰敗)1945
    After the atomic bombings on Japan, Japanese troops in China surrendered in September 1945. As a result, China was left militarily strong, but internally weak, as the war had weakened the economy and destroyed the land. This set the stage for the ensuing Chinese Civil War.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War#Conclusion_and_aftermath

    Chinese Civil War (國共內戰/解放戰爭) 1946-1949
    With the KMT weakened, the balance of power favored the Communist Party of China. Although the KMT had several early victories, and the United States backed the KMT in the post-World War II period, the CPC eventually began making gains, especially as they captured abandoned KMT resources. The CPC was eventually able to take Beijing, causing the KMT to flee to Taiwan.

    http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/chinese-civil-war.htm

  22. 功课2/16/11 Liz and Phillip
    《霸王别姬》1924 开始

    Japanese Invasion 1937 抗日战争;八年抗战;第二次中日战争

    Known in English as “the Second Sino-Japanese War”, this war between the Second United Front (CCP and KMT working together) and the Imperial Japanese Army spans 12 years and begins with the numerous Japanese attacks on Chinese soil, beginning with the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria in 1931 (some of which is seen in the movie) and with both the Mukden Incident (Chinese: 柳条湖事变Liǔtiáohu Shìbiàn September 18, 1931 – February 18, 1932) and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Chinese: 七七卢沟桥事变 qīqī lúgōuqiáoshìbiàn 7 July – 9 July 1937). With Western support, this war resulted in the unconditional surrender of all Imperial Japanese troops in 1945.

    http://www.republicanchina.org/war.shtml#lugouqiao
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident
    wenku.baidu.com/view/3c734aea551810a6f5248678.html
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukden_Incident
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War

    End of Japanese Occupation 1945 日本投降
    On August 6th, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima, and the resulting destruction led to the Japanese surrender throughout China and what was then known as Manchuria. The Japanese retreat then opened up Beijing to be retaken by the KMT, reopening the civil conflict between the KMT and Chinese Communist Party.

    www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp
    Robert A. Pape. Why Japan Surrendered. International Security, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 154–201

    KMT v. Communists, Chinese Civil War 1927-1949国共内战
    (攘外必先安内 policy)

    The Chinese Civil War covers 22-years of history in Mainland China and in Taiwan, and began with the fall of Imperial China, and ended with the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The Second United Front was a coalition force between the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang (KMT) that briefly put a pause on the Chinese Civil War during World War II.

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War

    共产党获得北京
    Communists take over Beijing – 1949

    The Communists attacked Beijing from Tianjin, which took only 29 hours to capture. They surrounded Beijing with 144 large artillery guns. The KMT did not put up much of a fight. Negotiations between KMT commander Fu Zuoyi and the Communists resulted in the KMT surrendering the city in late January, and prevented battle from destroying the historic city. The Communists formally took over on February 3, 1949.

    Sources:
    factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=74&catid=2

    Civil wars of the world: major conflicts since World War II, By Karl R. DeRouen, Uk Heo
    books.google.com/books?id=nrN077AEgzMC&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=KMT+fu+zuoyi+beijing&source=bl&ots=LUDLx3l104&sig=Fdk68X_Q8-ZYeFpXvaXxXsOo3HI&hl=en&ei=oS9eTb_tOo72swPklfnWCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=KMT%20fu%20zuoyi%20beijing&f=false

    镇压反革命 (镇反)
    Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries – 1950

    This political campaign was launched to eliminate any opposition to the new Chinese Communist government. This campaign was especially meant to eradicate any supporters of the KMT. People were labeled “counterrevolutionaries,” and were arrested then either executed or sentenced to labor reform.

    Source:
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries

    文化革命
    Cultural Revolution – 1966 to 1976

    This was another political campaign launched by the Communist Party. It was meant to rid China of “capitalist thought,” by eliminating all bourgeois elements. Additionally, Mao was essentially trying to reassert his power and authority over the Party and the country. Mao encouraged his Red Guards to criticize liberals, intellectuals, writers, economists, etc.

    Sources:
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution
    http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/cultural_revolution.htm

  23. 军阀时代- the Republic of China was founded in 1912 under sun yat sen. Though he was not able to unit all of China. Most of china especially the north remained under local warlords control. This was known as the warlord period and lasted until chaing kai shek united china in 1937.
    站住The Japanese occupied Manchuria starting in 1931, and in 1937 marco polo bridge incident the first shots in the war were fired. The Japanese invaded the rest of eastern china. Beijing,shanghai, Nanjing, hongkong and Taiwan were all occupied.
    终战: After American involvement in the pacific war and two atom bombs, the Japanese surrendered. September 2, 1945. China returned to civil war between the communist and nationalist.
    大炼钢铁- November 1957,Great movement of making steel and iron. Mao Zedong viewed steel and Iron as key to catching up with the industrial powers so he mandated that all departments and localities must give top priority to the iron and steel production and construction through the smelting of all household items that could aid the movement. It had severe ecological and environment and caused severe damage and waste caused further serious difficulties in people’s living standards.
    大跃进- Great leap forward- Failed industrialization campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960. Mao Zedong hoped to develop labour-intensive methods of industrialization that would emphasize manpower rather than the gradual purchase of heavy machinery, thereby putting to use China’s dense population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization.
    百花运动- Hundred Flowers Campaign-brief six weeks in the People’s Republic of China in the early summer of 1957 during which the Communist Party of China (CPC) encouraged a variety of views and solutions to national policy issues, launched under the slogan: “Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and the sciences and a flourishing socialist culture in our land.” Aimed at lifting the restrictions imposed upon Chinese intellectuals and thus grant greater freedom of thought and speech.

  24. 統一 (tong3yi1) – to unify
    統治 (tong3zhi4) – to rule, govern
    分隔 (fen1ge2) – to divide, partition
    戰爭 (zhan4zheng1) – war, conflict
    軍閥 (jun1fa2) – warlord
    軍隊 (jun1dui4) – troops
    侵略 (qin1lue4) – invade
    佔領 (zhan4ling3) or 佔據 (zhan4ju4) – to occupy
    資源 (zi1yuan2) – natural resources
    土地 (tu3di4) – land, territory
    投降 (tou2xiang2) – to surrender
    內戰 (nei4zhan4) – civil war
    反抗 (fan3kang4) – to resist
    弱 (ruo4) – weak
    權力 (quan2li4) or 勢力勢力 (shi4li4) – power, authority
    勝利 (sheng4li4) – victory
    (add放fang4 or 丢diu1)棄 (qi4) – to abandon
    逃 (tao2) or 逃走 (tao2zou3) – to flee, run away
    原子彈 (yuan2zi3dan4) – atomic bomb
    撤退 (che4tui4) – to retreat
    衝突 (chong1tu2) – conflict
    戰役 (zhan4yi4) – military campaign
    消除 (xiao1chu2) – to eliminate
    振作 (zhen4zuo4) – to uplift
    知識份子 (zhi1shi2fen4zi3) – intellectuals
    失敗 (shi1bai4) – failure
    方法 (fang1fa3) – method
    工業化 (gong1ye4hua4) or 產業化 (chan3ye4hua4) – industrialization
    強調 (qiang2diao4) – emphasize
    人手 (ren2shou3) – manpower
    機械 (ji1xie4) – machinery
    人口 (ren2kou3) – population
    轉變 (zhuan3bian4) – change, transform

  25. 生词:

    Warlord Era:

    1. 民国 Mínguó – ROC
    2. 分裂 fēnliè – to divide; to split up; fission; schism
    3. 军阀 jūnfá – military clique; junta; warlord
    4. 政府 zhèngfǔ – government
    5. 控制 kòngzhì – to control; to exercise control

    Second Sino-Japanese War:

    6. 资料 zīliào – resources
    7. 原材料 yuáncáiliào – raw materials; unprocessed goods
    8. 投降 tóuxiáng – surrender
    9. 协约国 xiéyuēguó – Allied Western Powers

    End of Japanese Occupation:

    10. 扔下 rēngxià – to drop (a bomb); to throw down
    11. 广岛 Guǎngdǎo – Hiroshima
    12. 落得 luòde – ending up as; leading to; resulting in; in total
    13. 破坏 pòhuài – destruction; to destroy; to break
    14. 覆灭 fùmiè – destruction
    15. 满洲 Mǎnzhōu / 关东 Guāndōng – Manchuria or 东北Dong1bei3
    16. 内战 nèizhàn – civil war

    Chinese Civil War:

    17. 国民党 Guómíndǎng – Nationalist Party; GMD/KMT
    18. 均势 jūnshì – balance of power
    19. 力量均衡 lìliàngjūnhéng – balance of power
    20. 战后 zhànhòu – after the war; post war
    21. 夺取 duóqǔ – to capture; seize hold of
    22. 弃用 qìyòng – to abandon; stop using
    23. 逃 (外逃) táo (wàitáo) – to flee; to run away; (to leave the country)

    Cultural Revolution:

    24. 政治运动 zhèngzhìyùndòng – political movement; political campaign
    25. 摆脱 bǎituō – to break away from; to cast away (old ideals); to free oneself from
    26. 资本家(主义) zīběnjiā(zhǔyì) – capitalist; (capitalism)
    27. 思想 sīxiǎng – thought; thinking; idea; ideology
    28. 消除 xiāochú – eliminate
    29. 布尔乔亚 bù’ěrqiáoyà – bourgeoisie (but capitalist seems to be a better word to use in Chinese for this concept) Sun Laoshi noted: I have never seen the translation of this before. It is usually translated as 资产阶级 zīchǎnjiējí capitalism. Capitalism would be 资本主义.)
    30. 毛泽东 Máo Zédōng – Mao Zedong
    31. 本质上 běnzhìshàng / 实质上shízhìshàng – essentially; in essence; virtually
    32. 宣称 xuānchēng – to assert; to claim
    33. 权力 quánlì – power/authority
    34. 振作 zhènzuò – encouraged; to encourage; to summon up (courage); uplift
    35. 红卫兵 Hóngwèibīng Red Guard (Cultural Revolution)
    36. 自由派 zìyóupài – liberal
    37. 知识分子 zhīshifènzǐ – intellectual
    38. 作者 zuòzhě – author; writer
    39. 经济学家 jīngjìxuéjiā – economist

    Great Leap Forward:

    40. 工业化 gōngyèhuà – industrialization
    41. 劳动 láodòng – work; physical labor; manpower
    42. 集约 jíyuē – intensive
    43. 着重 zhuózhòng – to emphasize; to put emphasis on; to stress
    44. 渐进 jiànjìn – to progress step by step; gradual progress; to move forward (slowly)
    45. 农机 nóngjī – agricultural machinery
    46. 浓 nóng – thick; dense
    47. 转变 zhuǎnbiàn – to change, transform
    48. 经济 jīngjì – economy; possibly 农经济nóngjīngjì for agricultural economy
    49. 集体化 jítǐhuà – collectivization (of agriculture under communism)

  26. Vocabulary words for discussion of history events

    Chinese Civil War (國共內戰/解放戰爭) 1946-1949
    With the KMT weakened, the balance of power favored the Communist Party of China. Although the KMT had several early victories, and the United States backed the KMT in the post-World War II period, the CPC eventually began making gains, especially as they captured abandoned KMT resources. The CPC was eventually able to take Beijing, causing the KMT to flee to Taiwan.

    KMT-國民黨Guómíndǎng
    Communist Party-共產黨Gòngchǎndǎng
    Victories-勝利 shènglì
    World War II-第二次世界大戰Dì’èr Cì Shìjiè Dàzhàn
    Capture-捕捉 bǔzhuō
    Resources- zīyuán
    Flee資源逃跑 táopǎo

    End of Japanese Occupation 1945 日本投降
    On August 6th, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped over Hiroshima, and the resulting destruction led to the Japanese surrender throughout China and what was then known as Manchuria. The Japanese retreat then opened up Beijing to be retaken by the KMT, reopening the civil conflict between the KMT and Chinese Communist Party.

    Atomic bomb-原子彈 yuánzǐdàn
    Surrender-投降tóuxiáng
    Manchuria -滿洲Mǎnzhōu
    Civil war -內戰nèizhàn

    文化革命
    Cultural Revolution – 1966 to 1976

    This was another political campaign launched by the Communist Party. It was meant to rid China of “capitalist thought,” by eliminating all bourgeois elements. Additionally, Mao was essentially trying to reassert his power and authority over the Party and the country. Mao encouraged his Red Guards to criticize liberals, intellectuals, writers, economists, etc.

    Political campaign-政治運動 zhèngzhìyùndòng
    Capitalist-資本主義 zīběnzhǔyì
    Eliminate-消除xiāochú
    Bourgeois -資產階級 zīchǎnjiējí
    Authority-管理guǎnlǐ
    Liberals -自由主義zìyóuzhǔyì (zhu3yi4 = …ism) You can add 者 to indicate people -自由主義者.
    Intellectuals知識分子zhīshifènzǐ

    大跃进- Great leap forward- Failed industrialization campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960. Mao Zedong hoped to develop labour-intensive methods of industrialization that would emphasize manpower rather than the gradual purchase of heavy machinery, thereby putting to use China’s dense population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization.

    Industrialization產業化chǎnyèhuà
    Labor勞動láodòng
    Emphasize強調qiángdiào
    Manpower ?? 人力
    Machinery機械jīxiè
    Collectivization集體化jítǐhuà

  27. “富连成” 英语翻译:

    Fu Lian Cheng trained Beijing Opera performers according to traditional rules and customs of the ‘old style’ beginning in the early years of the Republic of China (around 1911) and ending in the 1940’s. The performers that studied there came from both generations of influential families as well as from hardened, difficult family situations. These performers studied Beijing Opera under strict supervision and cruel, bitter training. Over several decades, Fu Lian Cheng took care of the living and eating arrangements for the students, and under beatings and scolding developed a distinct way of life, producing more than 700 of China’s most famous and skilled performers; these performers went on to form the backbone of Beijing Opera, and even go so far as to become world famous artists.

  28. 生字:

    民國軍閥
    1。 軍閥時代 jun1fa2shi2dai4 – warlord era
    2。 劃分 hua4fen1 – divide
    3。 控制 kong4zhi4 – control

    中日戰爭
    4。 侵略 qin1lve4 – invade
    5。 佔住 zhan4zhu4 – occupy
    6。 資源 zi1yuan2 – resources
    7。 投降 tou2xiang2 – surrender
    8。 協約國 xie2yue1guo2 – Allied powers

    日本投降
    9。 原子彈 yuan2zi3dan4 – atomic bomb
    10。 廣島 guang3dao3 – Hiroshima
    11。 破壞 po4huai4 – destroy
    12。 退避 tui4bi4 – retreat
    13。 奪回 duo2hui2 – recapture

    國共內戰
    14。 國民黨 guo2min2dang3 – KMT
    15。共產黨 gong4chan3dang3 – Communist Party
    16。 內戰 nei4zhan4 – civil war
    17。 勝利 sheng4li4 – victory
    18。 腐敗 fu3bai4 – corrupt
    19。 領導能力 ling3dao3neng2li4 – leadership ability
    20。 逃走 tao2zou3 – flee

    大躍進
    21。 勞動力 lao2dong4li4 – labor force
    22。 勞工密集 lao2gong1mi4ji2 – labor intensive
    23。 逐漸 zhu2jian4 – gradually
    24。 重型機械 zhong4xing2ji1xie4 – heavy machinery
    25。 密集 mi4ji2 – concentrated, dense
    26。 集體化 ji2ti3hua4 – collectivization
    27。 有限資源 you3xian4zi1yuan2 – limited resources

    文化革命
    28。 資本主義 zi1ben3zhu3yi4 – capitalist thought
    29。 消除 xiao1chu2 – eliminate
    30。 資產階級 zi1chan1ji1ji2 – bourgeois
    31。 重申 chong2shen1 – reassert, reiterate, reaffirm
    32。權力 quan2li4 – power
    33。 權威 quan2wei1 – authority
    34。 批評 pi1ping2 – criticize

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