Wk#01 (1/17-1/20)

Chinese 309 |  Phoenix Claws and Lion’s Head: Food and Chinese Culture
三年中文: 中國的飲食文化

課程題目與目標 Lesson Topic & Goals:
题目 #1: 传统饮食文化 – 中国菜的菜系、菜名、特点和与西方饮食不同之处

学习目标:
1. 从“吃”来看饮食文化在中国社会的重要性。
2. 了解中国菜的特点以及地方性菜系的发展和区别。
3. 学习不同菜肴的名称以及命名的方式。
4. 讨论中西餐饮的种种不同,比如:材料、配料、烹调方式、刀法、进餐礼节习惯等。

閱讀資料
中文:
(節選自《民以食為天》, http://www.chiculture.net/0910/html/b01/0910b01.html; 《八大菜系追蹤》, http://www.chiculture.net/0910/html/b06/0910b06.html.
Wk1-1. “輕時代的毛澤東在《湘江評論》創刊宣言中說:「世界什麼問題最大?吃飯問題最大。」這是「民以食為天」的通俗表述,也是自古以來統治者與被統治者的共同看法。原因在於中國地處溫帶,自然災害頻繁,人口又多,覓食艱難,飢餓時常威脅人們,使人們不得不重視吃飯問題。”
Wk1-2. “毛澤東在關於糧食問題的指示裡也諄諄告誡農民:忙時吃乾,閒時吃稀,雜以瓜藤番薯,注重糧食的開源節流。這些看似瑣屑,實際上是國之大政,它關係著國家的存亡、社會的穩定。”
Wk1-3. “在中國,吃飯還被賦予許多填飽腸胃以外的意義。於是,逢年過節, 喜慶弔唁,親朋聚會,送往迎來,乃至興辦一切有眾人參加的事情,幾乎都離不開吃。”
Wk1-4. “不僅是活著的人,就是上帝鬼神都嗷嗷有待於人間的奉祀。中國人的「吃」絕大部分來源於農業,鬼神祭祀、人口繁殖、百事供給、民眾和睦、財用寬裕、民風醇厚無不仰賴於農業生產。吃飽肚子是一切的基礎。”
Wk1-5. “由於對菜系的理解不同,中國到底有多少菜系,尚無一致的意見。有人認為一省可算一個菜系,也有人一省分為幾個菜系。一些人中國菜系分為八個:川、魯、蘇、粵、湘、閩、浙、徽;也有人認為有十個,即八大菜系加上京、滬。”
Wk1-6. “飲食和烹飪的商業、市場化製造了菜系,飲食和烹飪的商業化、市場化也在泯滅菜系之間的差別,也就是說它們在消滅著菜系,特別是在大型的城市之中。因此到底有多少菜系、哪些地域的肴饌應該列入菜系之中是永遠爭論不完的問題。”

英文:
1. Food in Chinese Culture, Adapted from K.C. Chang, Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977,  http://asiasociety.org/lifestyle/food-recipes/food/meats/food-chinese-culture.

每周個人功課 (Due next Wednesday before class on Week #2 – turn in a hard copy )
1. 根据第一周阅读资料(Wk 1.1-1.6)及英文文章,写出3个中文重点大意 (150字) – 手写或打字都可以。
2. 列出20个重要生词,加注拼音和英文。
3. 选择6个句型点或语法点,造句。可用加线红字的词组或自己选择。

Group Assignment for Week #1 (請坐在一起):
小組1. Hunter Bennett | Monica Williams | Travis Dos Santos-Tam
小組2. Ada Yu | Amanda Nicol | Taylor Wong
小組3. Phillip Brenfleck | Alexi Wun
小組4. Maxwell Heston | Belinda Yu
小組5. Bo Turek | Emily Chen | Brandon Foster
小組6. Yvonne Louie | Travis Stull | Lev Nachman

星期三課堂題目及活動
(Wednesday  1/18):______________________________________________
1. 介紹 Chinese4u.edublogs.org 中文播课和這門三年級課程
a. 到 MandarinSpot.com 透过 Web Site Annotation 来看播课网页
b. 翻译第一个题目课程及学习目标
c. 到 Expectations_Grading 看有關功課準備、課堂討論、作業與改正
2. 同學分組:
a. 小组自我介紹
b. 翻译加线红字的词组
c. 分組翻译: 1-1. 到 1-6. 每組各自翻譯一個句子。 (Post your translation of the assigned sentences as a group before class on Wed. Include the sentecnes in Chinese and names of your group teammates.)

星期五課堂題目及活動
(Friday 1/20):____________________________________________________
1. (Be sure to post online under Week #1 Comments before TODAY’s class) 阅读1.1 到1.6 句子翻译
2. 讨论 K.C. Chang文章 – 列出有用的生词可以帮助表达作者的想法。
3. 同學分組:(Post a summary in Chinese of your assigned statement by Monday’s class.)
1-a. But people of different backgrounds eat very differently. The basic stuffs from which food is prepared; the ways in which it is preserved, cut up, cooked (if at all); the amount and variety at each meal; the tastes that are liked and disliked; the customs of serving food; the utensils; the beliefs about the food’s properties–these all vary.
1-b. We might say that different cultures have different food choices. (The word choices is used here not necessarily in an active sense, granting the possibility that some choices could be imposed rather than selected.) Why these choices? What determines them? These are among the first questions in any study of food habits.
1-c. Within the same culture, the food habits are not at all necessarily homogeneous…People of different social classes or occupations eat differently. People on festive occasions, in mourning, or on a daily routine eat again differently. Different religious sects have different eating codes. Men and women, in various stages of their lives, eat differently. Different individuals have different tastes. Some of these differences are ones of preference, but others may be downright prescribed.
1-d. Concerning food, the Chinese are not nationalistic to the point of resisting imports. In fact, foreign foodstuffs have been readily adopted since the dawn of history. Wheat and sheep and goats were possibly introduced from western Asia in prehistoric times, many fruits and vegetables came in from central Asia during the Han and the T’ang periods, and peanuts and sweet potatoes from coastal traders during the Ming period. . . . milk and dairy products, to this date, have not taken a prominent place in Chinese cuisine.
1-e. To prepare a balanced meal, it must have an appropriate amount of both rice or noodle product and meat and vegetables, and ingredients are readied along both tracks. Grains are cooked whole or as flour, making up the fan half of the meal in various forms: fan …, ping (“pancakes”), and noodles. Vegetables and meats are cut up and mixed in various ways into individual dishes to constitute the ts’ai half.
1-f. The overriding idea about food in China -in all likelihood an idea with solid, but as yet unrevealed, scientific backing-is that the kind and the amount of food one takes is intimately relevant to one’s health. Food not only affects health as a matter of general principle, the selection of the right food at any particular time must also be dependent upon one’s health condition at that time. Food, therefore, is also medicine.

Student Porject 1: (Wk#1-Wk#4)

1. Choose from one of the following topics:

a. Comment on the characterisitcs of Chinese food culture;
b. Compare and contrast three (or more) different regional Chinese dishes and their respective local flavors; 
c. Describe various methods of cooking Chinese dishes, and contrast them with western methods of food preparation;
d. Research dish names in Chinese, choose 6 distinctive dishes to analyze on the formation and naming of these Chinese dishes;
e.  Compare and contrast some of the differences in Chinese and Western food cultures (focus on one or more aspects: food preparation, banquet manners, dietary concepts, and others);
f.  Provide a summary in Chinese of the English article, Food in Chinese Culture, adopted from K. C. Chang’s book;
g. Choose your own topic based on the readings and discussions related to Topic #1.

2. This project requires a written statement, an in-class oral report, and a recording/visual presentation:
a. Post online a brief introduction of your topic, including key points and a thesis statment (about 150 – 200 characters) – due Wk#4 Monday (2/6) before class.
b. Student in-class presentation (3 min.) – presented during Wk#4 (on Wed. and Fri.).
c. Final Voicethread Slide Presentation – include at least 3-min oral comments , spread out over 5 photo slides and 3 text slides that outline key points – due Wk#5 Monday (2/13) before class.

27 thoughts on “Wk#01 (1/17-1/20)

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  2. 1-2 Amanda, Taylor and Ada
    While talking about the food problems, Mao also cautions the peasants that they should eat dry foods when busy, sparse foods during leisure times, and starch foods like melons, peas and potatoes during other times. They must also pay attention to the water sources. Although these problems all seem fairly trivial, they are in fact of great importance to the government because it concerns the country’s existence and society’s stability.

  3. 耀桐,郁君,元博

    1-5. Because of a disagreement about the understanding, it is not totally agreed on how many different Chinese cuisines there are. Some people think that each province can be counted for its own cuisine, and some people believe that provinces can be divided into a couple of food categories. Other people believe that Chinese foods fall under 8 categories: Sichaun, Shandong, Suzhou, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Anhui. Still, some people believe that there are 10: The 8 mentioned earlier, plus Beijing and Shanghai.

  4. Chunhui, Weicheng

    Wk1-3. “在中國,吃飯還被賦予許多填飽腸胃以外的意義。於是,逢年過節, 喜慶弔唁,親朋聚會,送往迎來,乃至興辦一切有眾人參加的事情,幾乎都離不開吃。”

    In China, eating a meal is about more than filling the stomach. As such, during the Chinese New Year, when celebrating or mourning, when sending someone off or welcoming someone back, or at any event where everyone is involved, nearly all of it is inseparably linked to eating.

  5. Lev, Travis S. and Yvonne:
    The commercialization and marketization of food and the culinary arts has caused the differences between various styles of food to disappear. Essentially they are putting an end to regional foods, especially in large cities. Consequently, the actual number of official food styles, the regional foods that should be included, is a neverending debate.

  6. Gods and Demons of the afterlife claim loudly their pending offers from the human world, not just the humans. Most of the food for the chinese people coming from the villages is for sacrifices to the gods, feed the population, suppy all kinds of things, grant harmonious relations among the people, use plenty wealth, popular customs always rely on agriculture to help feed the people. Filling the stomach is all that matters.

    Riccardo, Max

  7. Hunter, Nitai, and Travis: Week 1-1: In the early Mao years, in his “Xiang River commentary” manifesto, he said: “What is the world’s biggest problem? Eating is the world’s biggest problem.” Food is the god of the people is a common explanation. Since ancient time, this belief has been shared by both the rulers and people. Because of China’s location in the temperate zone, frequency of natural disasters, large population, difficulty making a living, and famine, people have no choice but to place importance on the issue of food.

  8. Travis, Monica, Hunter See corrections. Please go over as a group and re-post your revision by Friday’s class. Sunlaoshi noted on Wed. 1/25.

    1-a. But people of different backgrounds eat very differently. The basic stuffs from which food is prepared; the ways in which it is preserved, cut up, cooked (if at all); the amount and variety at each meal; the tastes that are liked and disliked; the customs of serving food; the utensils; the beliefs about the food’s properties–these all vary.

    从不同背景(add来)的人有不一样的(change吃飯to饮食)習慣。(add 从) (change this sentence 基本的材料来準備食物 to a subordinate clause =基本材料的準備,防腐的做法,切,煮(可能不煮)(add 的方式)(add 到)每頓飯的數量和品種,(change首选的味道to味道的喜爱),服務的習慣,用具,食(delete物有治)疗功效的觀念都有差異。

  9. 曼迪, 玉蓮,和美芳 Only one correction. Correct and repost under Week #1

    我們可以說不同的文化有不同的飲食選擇。在這兒,(delete選擇不一定是一個動詞,因為一些)所謂的選擇是受到別人或環境的影響而並不是因為自己的喜好選出來的。為什麼有這些選擇?什麼決定這些飲食的選擇? 這些都是研究飲食習慣時先問的問題。

    我们可以说不同的文化有不同的饮食选择。在这儿,(delete选择不一定是一个动词,因为一些)所谓的选择是受到别人或环境的影响而并不是因为自己的喜好选出来的。为什麽有这些选择?什麽决定这些饮食的选择? 这些都是研究饮食习惯时先问的问题。

  10. 何敏偉,慧婷 Go over corrections together as a group. Correct and repost under Week #1

    1-d. Concerning food, the Chinese are not nationalistic to the point of resisting imports. In fact, foreign foodstuffs have been readily adopted since the dawn of history. Wheat and sheep and goats were possibly introduced from western Asia in prehistoric times, many fruits and vegetables came in from central Asia during the Han and the T’ang periods, and peanuts and sweet potatoes from coastal traders during the Ming period. . . . milk and dairy products, to this date, have not taken a prominent place in Chinese cuisine.

    關於(add從外國來的)糧食,中國人不是國家主義的(add,沒)到抵制進口的地步。事實上,國外食品(move 有史以來 here) (add就)已迅速地(add被本地人)採用了(delete自有史以來)。小麥和綿羊和山羊可能在史前時期(add進口),(delete來自中亞)在漢代和唐代時期的許多水果蔬菜(move 來自中亞 here),(delete從沿海商人)在明朝時期的花生和紅薯(add是沿海(add外國)商人帶進來的)。牛奶和奶製品,到現在(delete的日期,)(move 在中國菜)(add裡)(add都)沒有很重要的(not地方instead use 地位)(delete在中國菜)。

  11. huiting’s 309 make up work –

    Vocabulary List

    不僅 bu4jin3 not only
    也 ye3 also
    絕大 jue2da4 most of
    部分 bu4fen4 section/part
    無不 wu2bu4 everything is there/none missing-lacking
    一切 yi1qie2 everything/all
    由於 you2yu2 due to/as a result of/thanks to/since
    到底 dao4di3 finally/in the end/after all
    把 ba3 command
    將 jiang4 will
    化 hua4 to make into/to change into/transform
    而 er2 as well as/and/but (not)/yet (not)/(indicates causal reaction)/
    因此 yin1ci3 as a result/thus
    之中 zhi1zhong1 inside

  12. Makeup work

    Wk1-1. “年輕時代的毛澤東在《湘江評論》創刊宣言中曾說:「世界什麼問題最大?吃飯問題最大。」這是「民以食為天」的通俗表述,也是自古以來統治者與被統治者的共同看法。其原因在於中國地處溫帶,自然災害頻繁,人口又多,覓食艱難,飢餓時常威脅著人們,使人們不得不重視吃飯問題。”
    Wk1-2. “毛澤東在關於糧食問題的指示裡也諄諄告誡農民:忙時吃乾,閒時吃稀,雜以瓜藤番薯,注重糧食的開源節流。這些看似瑣屑,實際上是國之大政,它關係著國家的存亡、社會的穩定。”
    Wk1-3. “在中國,吃飯還被賦予許多填飽腸胃以外的意義。於是,逢年過節, 喜慶弔唁,親朋聚會,送往迎來,乃至興辦一切有眾人參加的事情,幾乎都離不開吃。”
    曾céng once
    其qí its
    著zhù marked
    不得不bùdébù can’t help but
    關於guānyú concerning
    看似kànsì to seem
    實際上shíjìshàng in reality
    關係著guānxizhù relations prove
    於是yúshì thus
    乃至nǎizhì and even
    幾乎都jīhū dōu almost all
    離不開líbukāi inevitable linked to

  13. Yvonne, Lev and Travis See corrections. Go over these as a group and repost under Comments for Week#1.

    The overriding idea about food in China -in all likelihood an idea with solid, but as yet unrevealed, scientific backing-is that the kind and the amount of food one takes is intimately relevant to one’s health. Food not only affects health as a matter of general principle, the selection of the right food at any particular time must also be dependent upon one’s health condition at that time. Food, therefore, is also medicine.

    在中國,(add對)飲食的總體(not 思想 use 看法here)-(instead of saying:最有可能性的 use:基本上)是一個(not堅實use:正確)的(not 思想 use 看法here),但尚未(delete發現的)(add有)科研支持- 就是飲食的種類和量都(not 對 should use 跟)人的健康有密切相關。飲食不僅是影響健康的一般原則,在任何的時間選擇正確的食物都必須依賴一個人的當時健康狀況。因此,食物就是中醫。

  14. 耀桐,郁君,元博 See corrections. Go over the corrections as a group and then re-post the revision under Week#1 Comments. Also re- write a summary of the statement.

    1-e. To prepare a balanced meal, it must have an appropriate amount of both rice or noodle product and meat and vegetables, and ingredients are readied along both tracks. Grains are cooked whole or as flour, making up the fan half of the meal in various forms: fan …, ping (“pancakes”), and noodles. Vegetables and meats are cut up and mixed in various ways into individual dishes to constitute the ts’ai half.

    要准备一(not个use a different measure word 道)平衡(add的)膳食,就必须有适量的米饭或面条产品(add配合)(delete,)肉类和蔬菜(change,to。)(delete和 add另外)配料(add的)准备(add也应该)沿着这两条轨道(add进行)。五谷(move 全部 here)(add煮)熟(delete全部)或(add做成)面粉,(delete使风扇一半的)(add做出)各种形式,(add占)膳食(add的一半):(delete风扇… …)(add比如) (not 平安; here ping is in Wade-Giles romanization = bing =饼 delete“煎饼”)和面条。蔬菜和肉类切(not割add成小块)(delete和)混合到个别菜肴(delete的各种方式),构成(add膳食)(wrong蔡should be菜)(add的)一半。

    Consider using your own words to summarize this statment, not doing a word-by-word translation. Plese make corrections of the above but also work on a summary statement in Chinese (2-3 sentences as we practiced in class.)

  15. Weicheng, Chunhui See corrections. Go over them as a group and then re-post under Week #1 Comments.

    Within the same culture, the food habits are not at all necessarily homogeneous…People of different social classes or occupations eat differently. People on festive occasions, in mourning, or on a daily routine eat again differently. Different religious sects have different eating codes. Men and women, in various stages of their lives, eat differently. Different individuals have different tastes. Some of these differences are ones of preference, but others may be downright prescribed.

    (not从use 在同)一个文化(add中)来看所有的饮食习惯不一定是一样的。(instead of using 各种各样的人类 change to 不同社会阶级或职业的人)吃各种各样的菜。逢年过节,喜庆,吊唁的时候,人民都吃不一样的饭。(wrong 怒should type “nv”=女)人和男人在不同的(change人生舞台to 人生阶段)吃不同的菜。不一样的人喜欢不一样的菜。有一些差异是因为(not人民use 人们)有各种各样的喜好,有一些可能是(not命中注定use 約俗成規的)。

  16. 曼迪, 玉蓮,和美芳

    我們可以說不同的文化有不同的飲食選擇。在這兒,所謂的選擇是受到別人或環境的影響而並不是因為自己的喜好選出來的。為什麼有這些選擇?什麼決定這些飲食的選擇? 這些都是研究飲食習慣時先問的問題。

    我们可以说不同的文化有不同的饮食选择。在这儿,所谓的选择是受到别人或环境的影响而并不是因为自己的喜好选出来的。为什麽有这些选择?什麽决定这些饮食的选择? 这些都是研究饮食习惯时先问的问题。

  17. 好 (1/31 老師檢查 Wk#1 Assignemnt – REVISED COPY)
    Homework #1
    飲食很特別的,因為每些文化有不同的飲食選擇。在同一個文化裡,飲食選擇很不同的。不同社会或职业的人吃各种各样的菜。每個節日有特別的菜, 或在不同的時間人們吃不同的菜。有很多的飲食選擇!有人說平衡膳食應該有飯和麵,也應該有蔬菜和肉類。如果你每天吃一個平衡膳食,你會是更健康的。重要的是要注意你的飲食選擇。你生病的時候,別人都說你應該吃滋補的菜,所以我覺得飲食是一種醫藥。

    Vocab List: (20 words)
    1. 評論: (pínglùn) to comment on/to discuss
    2. 創刊: (chuàngkān) to start publishing
    3. 宣言: (xuānyán) declaration
    4. 民以食為天: (mínyǐshíwéitiān) “Food is the God of the people”
    5. 自古以來: (zìgǔyǐlái) since ancient times
    6. 共同: (gòngtóng) common/together
    7. 自然災害: (zìránzāihài) natural disaster
    8. 頻繁: (pínfán) frequently
    9. 飢餓: (jī’è) hunger/starvation
    10. 指示: (zhǐshì) to point out
    11. 諄諄告誡: (zhūnzhūngàojiè) to sincerely caution
    12. 注重: (zhùzhòng) to pay attention to
    13. 瑣屑: (suǒxiè) trivial matters/petty things
    14. 實際上: (shíjìshàng) in fact/in reality/as a matter of fact
    15. 穩定: (wěndìng) to stabilize
    16. 賦予: (fùyǔ) to assign
    17. 逢年過節: (féngniánguòjié) at the Chinese New Year or other festivities
    18. 興辦: (xīngbàn) to begin
    19. 離不開: (líbukāi) inseparable/inevitably linked to
    20. 活著: (huózhe) alive
    21. 來源於: (láiyuányú) to originate from
    22. 和睦: (hémù) peaceful relations/harmonious
    23. 醇厚: (chúnhòu) mellow and rich

    Sentence Patterns:
    1. 目標驅動著苦功。
    2. 因為雪盲,他不得不就地停下。
    3. 她寫了一篇關於中國菜。
    4. 昨天我看似蒼白, 但從不生病。
    5. 孩子們不僅會犯錯誤, 而且犯錯誤是孩子們日常行為的一部分。
    6. 認識他的人無不尊敬他。

  18. 何敏偉,慧婷
    Re-post With Corrections
    謝謝老師!

    關於從外國來的糧食,中國人不是國家主義的沒到抵制進口的地步。事實上,國外食品有史以來就已迅速地被本地人採用了自有史以來。小麥和綿羊和山羊可能在史前時期進口,在漢代和唐代時期的許多水果蔬菜來自中亞,在明朝時期的花生和紅薯是沿海外國商人帶進來的。牛奶和奶製品,到現在在中國菜裡都沒有很重要的地位.

    1-d. Concerning food, the Chinese are not nationalistic to the point of resisting imports. In fact, foreign foodstuffs have been readily adopted since the dawn of history. Wheat and sheep and goats were possibly introduced from western Asia in prehistoric times, many fruits and vegetables came in from central Asia during the Han and the T’ang periods, and peanuts and sweet potatoes from coastal traders during the Ming period. . . . milk and dairy products, to this date, have not taken a prominent place in Chinese cuisine.

  19. correction

    When making a traditional Chinese meal, it must have the balanced amount of both a rice or noodle portion and meats and vegetables portion. Grains are cooked fully or as flour which makes up the “fan” portion of the meal. There are various forms of “fan”: bing (pancakes), noodles, or mantou (bread). Vegetables and meats are cut up and mixed in various ways into different dishes to constitute as the “tsai” half of the meal.
    要准备一道平衡的膳食,就必须有适量的米饭或面条产品配合肉类和蔬菜。另外配料的准备也应该沿着这两条轨道进行。五谷全部煮熟或做成面粉,做出各种形式,占膳食的一半:比如饼和面条。蔬菜和肉类切成小块混合到个别菜肴,构成膳食菜的一半。

  20. Travis, Lev and Yvonne
    在中國,對飲食的總體看法-基本上是一個正確的看法,但尚未有科研支持- 就是飲食的種類和量都跟人的健康有密切相關。飲食不僅是影響健康的一般原則,在任何的時間選擇正確的食物都必須依賴一個人的當時健康狀況。因此,食物就是中醫。

  21. Weicheng, Chunhui

    Within the same culture, the food habits are not at all necessarily homogeneous…People of different social classes or occupations eat differently. People on festive occasions, in mourning, or on a daily routine eat again differently. Different religious sects have different eating codes. Men and women, in various stages of their lives, eat differently. Different individuals have different tastes. Some of these differences are ones of preference, but others may be downright prescribed.

    在同一个文化中来看所有的饮食习惯不一定是一样的。不同社会阶级或职业的人吃各种各样的菜。逢年过节,喜庆,吊唁的时候,人民都吃不一样的饭。女人和男人在不同的人生阶段吃不同的菜。不一样的人喜欢不一样的菜。有一些差异是因为人们有各种各样的喜好,有一些可能是約俗成規的。

  22. RE-POST

    耀桐,郁君,元博

    要准备一 道平衡的膳食,就必须有适量的米饭或面条产品配合肉类和蔬菜。 另外配料的准备也应该沿着这两条轨道进行。五谷 全部 煮熟全部或做成面粉,做出各种形式,占膳食的一半:比如饼 和面条。蔬菜和肉类切成小块混合到个别菜肴,构成膳食蔡菜的一半。

    摘要:

    每个传统中国膳食有两面。“饭”一半就是米饭或面条。“菜”一半就是肉类或蔬菜。做膳食的时候,先要准备饭或面,然后加肉或菜。一个例子是包子。

  23. Corrections

    1-a. But people of different backgrounds eat very differently. The basic stuffs from which food is prepared; the ways in which it is preserved, cut up, cooked (if at all); the amount and variety at each meal; the tastes that are liked and disliked; the customs of serving food; the utensils; the beliefs about the food’s properties–these all vary.

    从不同背景来的人有不一样的饮食習慣。从基本材料的準備,防腐的做法,切,煮(可能不煮)的方式到每頓飯的數量和品種,味道的喜爱,服務的習慣,用具,食疗功效的觀念都有差異。

  24. 好 (1/31 老師檢查 Wk#1 Assignemnt – REVISED COPY)
    一月二十五號功課 雷靜儀
    關於糧食的問題,毛澤東跟農民說過:不同的時候要吃不同的食物。飲食問題很重要因為糧食的問題能影響社會的穩定和國家的存在。
    在中國,吃飯不只是為了吃飽。很多不同的場合都會跟飲食糾結在一起。
    關於中國到底有幾個菜系的問題,人們似乎很難意見達成共識,因為每個人對菜系都有不同的理解。有些人覺得中國有八個菜系,有些則覺得有十個。
    我媽媽曾經跟我說過,“讀書是最重要的因為學問永遠都會陪著你。”
    中文有個口頭禪:人算不如天算。意思就是沒辦法什麼都算好因為不可能想到所有的可能性,一切都在老天的手中。
    實際上所有的父母都會將自己的兒女放在第一位。
    由於上個禮拜不停地下雪,我們這個學期少了兩天課。
    雖然人類去過外星,但是到底有沒有外星人,我們還不知到。
    這個表演真的好看,好看到我很累都離不開。
    Vocab:

    1)民以食為天(mínyǐshíwéitiān):Food is the God of the people (idiom). People view food as the primary need.
    2)溫帶(wēndài ): temperate zone
    3)覓食(mìshí): to forage/to hunt for food/to scavenge
    4)飢餓(jī’è): starve/ famine/ hunger
    5)威脅(wēixié): to threaten/to menace
    6)糧食(liángshi): foodstuff/ cereals
    7)穩定 (wěndìng): steady/stable/stability/to stabilize/to pacify
    8)存亡(cúnwáng ): to live or die/ to existor perish
    9)繁殖(fánzhí): to breed/ to reproduce/to propagate
    10)腸胃(chángwèi): stomach and intestine
    11)理解(lǐjiě): to comprehend/to understand
    12)菜系(cài xì): cuisine system
    13)認為(rènwéi): to believe/ to think/ to consider
    14)烹飪(pēngrèn): cooking/culinary arts
    15)製造(zhìzào): to manufacture/to make
    16)泯滅(mǐnmiè): to obliterate/ to die out/ to disappear
    17)消滅(xiāomiè): to put an end to/ to annihilate
    18)因此(yīncǐ): thus/consequently/as a result
    19)地域 (dìyù): area/district/region
    20)列入(lièrù): to include on a list
    21)爭論(zhēnglùn): to argue/to debate/controversy/debate

  25. 好 (1/31 老師檢查 Wk#1 Assignemnt – REVISED COPY)

    年轻的毛泽东说世界上的最大的问题是吃饭的问题。中国有很多自然灾害和人口很多所以喂饱人很难。 毛泽东指示人民怎么吃和节约用水,这是一个很大的问题因为涉及国家的存在和社会的稳定。另外,在中国,吃一顿饭不只是为了填饱肚子。当中国人的庆祝或哀悼的时候,总是有与吃有关的活动。中国有很多不同的美食有些人认为有八个美食,代表的八个省是:川、魯、蘇、粵、湘、閩、浙、徽。
    Vocab:
    创刊 chuang4 kan1 publish a journal
    宣言 xuan1 yan2 declaration
    自古以来 zi4 gu3 yi3 lai2 since ancient times
    统治者 tong3 zhi4 zhe3 ruler
    温带 wen1 dai4 temperate zone
    自然灾害 zi4 ran2 zai1 hai4 natural disasters
    飢饿 ji1 e4 starvation
    粮食 liang2 shi grain
    赋予 fu4 yu2 to entrust
    填饱 tian2 bao3 eat to the fullest
    鬼神gui3 shen2 gods and demons
    奉祀 feng4 si4 to offer sacrifice
    興辦 xing1 ban4 to begin
    醇厚 chun2 hou4 mellow and rich
    省 sheng3 provinces
    市场化 shi4 chang3 hua4 marketing
    商业化 shang1 ye4 hua4 commercialization
    制造 zhi4 zao4 to manufacture
    烹饪 peng1 ren4 culinary arts
    泯瀎 min3 mie4 to die out
    地域 di4 yu4 area

    Sentence Patterns See Corrections (1/31 老師檢查)

    1. 我不得不帮我妈妈做家事因为她太忙了。
    2. (delete关于)谈到数学,我的弟弟会有兴趣。
    3. 你们一定是(what do you mean here片测试? = pian4 as in “cheat” = 骗? If so use “作弊”=to cheat on the test) 因为他的考试跟你的答案(move无不同here)。
    4. 你到底有没有做你的报告?
    5. 他的玩具掉在泥浆之中。

  26. 慧婷
    好 (1/31 老師檢查 Wk#1 Assignemnt – REVISED COPY)
    Corrections for 3 Important Points homework

    1。
    以前,在中國的最大的問題是關於食品。毛澤東說“吃飯問題最大”。有幾個原因。不但中國的人口很多,中國有自然災害和中國地處溫帶。飢餓常常威脅著人類。
    2。
    吃飯有其他的含義。在中國吃飯的聚會很多,因為有過年和喜慶等等。這些時間很重要的。在吃飯的時候,你和支持你的家人和朋友一面吃飯一面聊天。
    3。
    中國有很多不同風格的菜。中國沒有一個烹飪風格或菜,可以代表所有的中國食品風格,但是有一個菜系把他中國菜劃分或為八個風格: 川,魯,蘇,粵,湘,閩,浙,徽。此外加上兩個更多的樣式:京, 滬。

    地位 di4wei4 position
    樣式 yang4shi4 type/style
    劃分 hua4fen1 to divide
    信念 xin4nian4 belief/faith
    代表 dai4biao3 representative
    烹飪 peng1ren4 cooking/culinary arts
    風格 feng1ge2 style
    原因yuan2yin1 reasons
    自然災害 zi4ran2 zai1hai4 natural disaster
    低處 di4chu3 located
    溫帶 wen1dai4 warm climate/temperate zone
    飢餓 ji1e4 hunger/starvations
    人類 ren2lei4 human race/mankind
    聚會 ju4hui4 gatherings
    過年 guo4nian2 Chinese new year
    喜慶 xi3qing4 festivities
    支持 zhi1chi2 support
    含義 han2yi4 meaning/hidden implication
    不僅 bu4jin3 not only
    實際上shi2ji4shang4 in reality
    於是 yu2shi4 thus
    菜系cai4xi4 cuisine
    觀念 guan1nian4 concept

    See Corrections (1/31 老師檢查)
    这辆车的设计不但美观,而且实用。
    拉斯维加斯是全世界著名的赌城。
    除了學中文一外,我也學日文。
    晚飯的時候,我一面吃飯一面聊天。
    因为突然停电,剧场不得不(instead of 回use 停)戏。
    由於下雨比赛延後了二十分钟。

  27. 好 – see some corrections below (老師檢查 Wk#1 Assignemnt – REVISED COPY)
    Revision:

    在中国饮食对中国文化有很大的影响也文化对饮食很大影响。经济,政治,环境和宗教也都跟饮食有很重要的关系。比方说,食品依赖自然资源的数量。不同的地区有不同的资源,是故饮食习惯会不一。毛泽东知道粮食的重要,可以保持中国社会的存在和稳定性。还有,无论过生,日或者伤悼,所有生活中最重要的事情都包括惯用的饮食。为从此这些例子来看,中国文化比西方文化更崇尚饮食的和重要性。

    影响: ying3xiang3: to influence
    食品:shi2pin3: foodstuffs
    依赖: yi1lai4: to depend on
    自然资源: zi4ran2zi1yuan2: natural resources
    数量:shu4liang4: amount/quantity
    地区: di4qu1: region
    是故: shi4gu4: consequently
    不一: bu4yi1: to vary
    粮食: liang2shi: grain crops/cereals
    保持: bao3chi: to keep/to maintain
    存在: cun2zai4: existence
    稳定性: wen3ding4xing4: stability
    无论: wu2lun4: no matter
    伤悼: shang1dao4: to mourn the passing of a relative
    事情: shi2qing: affair/matter
    包括: bao1kuo4: to include/to incorporate
    惯用: guan4yong4: customary
    为从此: wei4cong2ci3: with regards to
    崇尚: chong2shang4: to advocate

    1. 在美国传统家庭的观念对文化有很大的影响。
    2. 这个星期我有太多功课,是故我可能(move少here)睡觉(delete少)的。
    3. 无论我在中国或者在美国,我的家(not庭use人)总是爱我。
    4. 这个菜包括土豆和蘑菇。
    5. (not为从此)(you can use 从)他的成绩(add来看),我觉得他是很好的学生。
    6. 在我看来她应该吃更多蔬菜。

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